This Agreement SUMMARY of INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENT FOR A PROGRAM OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION ON CLEAN COAL SCIENCE Objectives Scope of Activity.  The Programme to be carried out by the Contracting Parties within the framework of this Agreement shall consist of co-operative research, exchange of information and other technology transfer activities regarding clean coal sciences. Method of Implementation.  The contracting Parties shall implement the Programme by undertaking one or more tasks (the "Task" or "Tasks") each of which will be open to participation by two or more Contracting Parties as provided in Article 2 hereof.  The Contracting Partieis which participate in a particular Task are, for the purposes of that Task, referred to in this agreement as "Participants". Task Co-ordination and Co-operation.  The Contracting Parties shall co-operate in co-ordinating the work of the various Tasks and shall endeavour, on the basis of an appropriate sharing of burdens and benefits, to encourage co-operation among Participants engaged in the various Tasks with the objective of advancing the research and development activities of all Contracting Parties in the field of clean coal sciences. Annex I 1.      Background In order to understand fully the mechanisms which are involved in transforming coal and other fuels used in conjunction with coal into useful energy, it is necessary to be able to monitor, analyze and simulate the different chemical, physical and gas dynamic parameters involved in the combustion process.  Similarly, to enable quantitative interpretation and prediction of combustion phenomena, computational models of these phenomena are required.  Existing diagnostic techniques, analytical instrumentation and computational apparatus need to be evaluated and validated with respect to their use in analyzing and helping to simulate the complex issues of multiphase, particle-laden and high-temperature combustion. Research into the selection of fuel options for Greenhouse Gas mitigation into the selection of fuel options for GGreenhouse Gas mitigation and the performatnce of such fuels in conventional and advanced combustion technolgoies is a priority issue. 2.      Objectives The objectives of this task are to:Provide Participants with acces to the advanced research apparatus currently available for studying combustion flows; Conduct research leading to improved research methods and tools for understanding particle-laden combustion processes and flames; Enlarge the basic data base on the combustion of a wide variety of coals, chars, beneficiated coals, coal-liquid mixtures and other fuels used in conjunction with coal of interest to the Participants.

3.     Scope Area A. - Advanced Diagnostic and Analytical Techniques Combustion Diagnostics.  The development of advanced diagnostic methods for in-situ measurements in high temperature, reacting, fuel-and particle-laden flows; Computational Modeling.  The development and application of computational techniques and detailed models for the analysis of the subscale chemical, physical and fluid dynamic processes in reacting, fuel- and particle-laden combustion environments; Solid Characterization.  The investigation of off-line automated analytical methods, in particular the integration of electron optical techniques with automated image anaylsis, in order to determine accurately the distribution and size of solid particles and their chemical composition. Fuel Substitution.  The effect of co-firing other sources combustion terms of diagnostics, computational modeling and solid characterisation of fuels with coal in.

Area B. - Fundamental Research on the Combustion Process The Fate of Mineral Matter.  Research on the formation, transformation, and ultimate fate of mineral matter and ash during the three principal phases of the combustion process, namely pre-treatment, combustion and post-combustion phenomena; Combustion Phenomena.  Basic experimental and theoretical research on the physical and chemical rates and mechanisms of pyrolysis, ignition, devolatilization and oxidation of volatiles and char from carefully-prepared and analyzed fuels. Trace Pollutants Formation and Emission.  Measurements of trace species, including metals, fuel-bound nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons, combustion generated soot, and carbon monoxide, which evolve during the controlled pyrolysis and oxidation of carefully characterized and sized samples using, in-situ advanced spectroscopic diagnostic techniques.

Area C. - Applied Combustion Research Laboratory-scale experimental research and analytical, computational modeling of turbulent diffusion flames to be performed by applying modern research methods, including those to be developed under this task.   (Additional provisions of this implementing agreement and annexes available upon request.)